Evidence Explained
Evidence ExplainedContents: An Overview
- Do you understand all the many different record types that you find?
- Do you understand how the differences in these records impact your research?
- Do you know the degree of reliability you can place in one record vis à vis another of somewhat similar type?
- Do you wonder what other records might exist for a particular event?
- Do you know why published sources are cited differently from unpublished materials—and how those citation differences can help or hamper your ability to locate a source?
- Do you understand the differences in citing different forms of the same record—say, originals versus microfilm versus digital images—and why these differences matter?
- Are you puzzled by the organization schemes used by different archives?
- Are you confused by differences in U.S. and international records?
Evidence Explained will guide you through all these issues—and many more. Its fourteen chapters cover virtually every type of material used by researchers in the social sciences, and each of them in various media versions.
Evidence Explained emphasizes resources not covered by standard citation guides. Its closing chapters also cover published resources (the conventional fare of classic citation guides such as APA, Chicago, MLA, and Turabian) and EE follows familiar conventions in doing so. However, EE’s chapters also guide you in capturing all the additional data that can significantly affect the reliability you place in these derivative materials.
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FOUNDATION CHAPTERS
FOUNDATION CHAPTERSThe foundation chapters discuss the fundamentals of evidence analysis and citation.
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Chapter 1. Fundamentals of Evidence Analysis
Chapter 1. Fundamentals of Evidence AnalysisClick on hot links for sample text pages.
Basic Issues
1.1 Analysis & mindset
1.2 Completeness of research
1.3 Conclusions: hypothesis, theory & proof
1.4 Fact vs. assertion or claim
1.5 Family-history standards
1.6 Levels of confidence
1.7 Objectivity
1.8 Presentism
1.9 Quantity vs. quality
1.10 Technical knowledge
1.11 Truth
Classes of Evidence
1.12 Generic labels
1.13 Legal terminology
1.14 Process map for evidence analysis
1.15 Proof arguments
Problematic Concepts
1.16 Definitive sources
1.17 Direct Sources
1.18 Final conclusions
1.19 Indirect sources
1.20 The name’s the same rule
1.21 Three sources rule
Processed Records (Formats)
1.22 Abstracts vs. extracts
1.23 Databases & indexes
1.24 Duplicate copies
1.25 Duplicate originals (counterparts)
1.26 Image copies
1.27 Record copies (aka clerk’s copies)
1.28 Transcriptions vs. translations
1.29 Transcriptions, edited
Textual Criticism
1.30 Authenticty & credibility
1.31 Certification & certificates
1.32 Content
1.33 Creator’s veracity & skill
1.34 Informant’s purpose & reliability
1.35 Language characteristics
1.36 Material characteristics
1.37 Penmanship
1.38 Record’s custodial history
1.39 Record’s degree of processing
1.40 Record’s timeliness
1.41 Source description
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Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Citation
Chapter 2. Fundamentals of CitationClick on hot links for sample text pages.
2.1 Citation as art vs. science
2.2 Citation style choices
2.3 Citations, definition & purpose
2.4 Citations, types of
2.5 Common-knowledge rule
2.6 Copyrights, plagiarism & fair use
2.7 Discursive notes & overlong citations
2.8 Privacy
2.9 Selectivity & thoroughness
2.10 Symbols & terms
Common Practices for Citing
2.11 Derivatives & imaged sources
2.12 Indexes & finding aids
2.13 National Archives materials
2.14 Page numbers, etc.
2.15 Personal knowledge
2.16 Personal names
2.17 Personal titles, credentials & degrees
2.18 Published vs. unpublished materials
2.19 Repositories
2.20 Several sources for a single fact
2.21 Source of a source
2.22 Titles, basic rules
2.23 Titles in foreign languages
Family History Library
2.24 FHL, GSU, LDS & FamilySearch
2.25 FHL basic rule
2.26 FHL film numbers (call numbers)
2.27 FHL film of unpublished records
2.28 FHL item numbers
2.29 Published books filmed by FHL
2.30 Published film used at FHL
2.31 Repositories, citing when using film
2.32 Temple work, etc.
Online Materials
2.33 Core elements to cite
2.34 Databases vs. images vs. essays
2.35 Multiple offerings at one site
2.36 Punctuation
2.37 Web addresses (URLs)
Organization
2.38 Reference notes vs. source lists
Reference notes
2.39 Choices of style
2.40 Full citations vs. short citations
2.41 Numbering of
2.42 Reference numbers, placement of
Short citations
2.43 Creating
2.44 “Hereinafter cited as”
2.45 Precautions when using
2.46 Source labels
2.47 Source list arrangements
2.48 By author-title
2.49 By collection
2.50 By geographic locale
2.51 By repository
2.52 By source type
2.53 Alphabetizing of
2.54 Numbering of
Stylistic Matters
2.55 Abbreviations
2.56 Abbreviations, standard
2.57 Acronyms & initialisms
2.58 Braces & brackets
Capitalization
2.59 General usage
2.60 Publication titles
2.61 Small caps
2.62 Untitled items
2.63 Colons
2.64 Commas
2.65 Dashes vs. hyphens
2.66 Dates
2.67 Ellipses
2.68 Italics (or underscoring)
2.69 Latinisms
2.70 Parentheses
2.71 Placement of punctuation
2.72 Quotation marks
2.73 Roman numerals
2.74 Semicolons
2.75 Slashes (virgules)
2.76 Titles
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RESOURCE CHAPTERS
RESOURCE CHAPTERSChapters 3 through 14, each, focus on a category of historical resources commonly used by researchers in the United States and most major Western nations:
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Chapter 3: Archives & Artifacts
Chapter 3: Archives & ArtifactsContents
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Basic Issues
3.1 Archival arrangements
3.2 Archival style guides
3.3 International differences
3.4 Source list entries vs. reference notes
3.5 Unpublished writings
Special Issues
3.6 Archives as lead element
3.7 Author, etc., as lead element
3.8 Collection as lead element
3.9 Document as lead element
3.10 Document no. vs. collection no.
3.11 Exact title vs. generic ID
3.12 Foreign-language titles
Archived Materials: By Type
3.13 Basic format: artifacts
3.14 Basic format: documents
3.15 Bibles & Bible records
3.16 Digital archive records
3.17 Filmed or fiched manuscripts
3.18 Commercial publications
3.19 Preservation copies
3.20 Photographs, portraits & sketches
3.21 Research reports
3.22 Unpublished manuscripts
3.23 Vertical files
Privately Held Materials
3.24 Basic elements
3.25 Basic format: family artifacts
3.26 Bible pages, loose
3.27 Bibles with family data
3.28 Charts & family group sheets
3.29 Diaries, journals & authored manuscripts
3.30 Family records, non-Bible
3.31 Frakturs
3.32 Interview tapes & transcripts
3.33 Jewelry, medals & objets d’art
3.34 Legal documents, unrecorded
3.35 Letters, historic
3.36 Newspaper clippings
3.37 Photographs, portraits & sketches
3.38 Samplers
3.39 School records, heirloom copies
3.40 Scrapbooks & albums
Personal Files & Knowledge
3.41 Correspondence
3.42 E-mail and instant messages
3.43 Personal knowledge
3.44 Research files & reports
3.45 Traditions
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93 Artifact
94 Digital archives
95 Manuscript records
96 Document, emphasis on
97 Series, emphasis on
98 Personal Bible
99 Portrait
100 Research report
101 Unpublished narrative
102 Vertical file
Preservation Film
103 FHL-GSU film
104 In-house film
Private Holdings
105 Artifact
106 Diary or journal, etc.
107 Family Bible records
108 Family chart or group sheet
109 Historic letter
110 Interview tape & transcript
111 Legal document, unrecorded
112 Personal correspondence
113 Personal e-mail
114 Research report
115 Tradition, recorded
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Chapter 4: Business & Institutional Records
Chapter 4: Business & Institutional RecordsContents
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Basic Issues
4.1 Private records
4.2 Published records
4.3 Records cataloged as files vs. individual items
4.4 Records cataloged by U.S. vs. international systems
Corporate & Institutional Records
4.5 Basic formats
4.6 Banking records, derivative forms
4.7 Credit reports
Funeral-home records
4.8 Extract supplied by staff
4.9 Personal examination
4.10 Genetic databases: Corporate sponsored
4.11 Hospital & physician records
4.12 Insurance-company records
4.13 Insurance slave-policy registries
4.14 Orphanage records
4.15 Prison records
4.16 Railroad records
4.17 School records
4.18 Store ledgers
Lineage-Society Materials
4.19 Application files
4.20 Compiled records, DAR
4.21 Documentation files
Other Membership Organizations:
4.22 Documents & registers: Archived in-house
4.23 Documents & registrs: Archived off-site
4.23 Archived off-site
4.24 Extract suppied by staff
4.25 Membership card files
Professional Reports
4.26 Basic guidelines
4.27 Genetic testing reports
4.28 Historical research reports
4.29 Legal research reports
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Corporate Records
161 Bound volume
162 Document (loose record)
163 Extract supplied by staff
164 Microfilm
165 Online database
166 Online image
Lineage-society Records
167 Application file
168 Online database
Organizational Records
169 Archived in-house
170 Archived off-site
Professional Reports
171 Genetic testing
172 Historical research: corporate
173 Historical research: online
School Records
174 Administrative material
175 Student transcript
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Chapter 5: Cemetery Records
Chapter 5: Cemetery RecordsContents
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Basic Issues
5.1 Cultural differences & similarities
5.2 Cemetery as “author”
5.3 Identification of facility
5.4 Identification of individuals
5.5 Identification of record dates
Administrative Records
5.6 Correspondence with extracts
5.7 Files, plats, registers, sexton records
5.8 Orders for interment
5.9 Plot ownership certificates
Markers & Plaques
5.10 Basic elements
5.11 Cenotaphs & memorial plaques
5.12 Grave markers: churchyard
5.13 Grave markers: rural
5.14 Grave markers: rural, GPS
5.15 Grave markers: urban
5.16 Images: markers & plaques
Derivatives
(Copies & Compilations)
5.17 A caution when using
5.18 Card files & vertical files
5.19 Databases
5.20 Photographic works
5.21 Published works
5.22 Typescripts
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Cemetery Office Records
209 Office records: personally used
210 Office records: supplied by staff
211 Online images
212 Preservation film, FHL-GSU
Markers & Memorials (Originals)
213 Grave markers: rural
214 Grave markers: urban
215 Images online
216 Memorial plaques
Derivatives
217 Cemetery abstracts: vertical file
218 Cemetery abstracts: card file
219 Database online
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Chapter 6: Census Records
Chapter 6: Census RecordsContents
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Basic Issues
6.1 “Ancient” vs. “modern” censuses
Arrangement of elements in
6.2 Reference notes
6.3 Source list (bibliography)
Citing
6.4 Dates of enumeration
6.5 Dwelling, family numbers
6.6 Household heads or others
6.7 Line numbers
6.8 Page, folio, or sheet numbers
6.9 Roll numbers
6.10 Databases vs. images, indexes
6.11 Databases, CD/DVD or online
6.12 Image copies, digital or microfilm
6.13 Indexes, Soundex & Miracode
6.14 Microfilm, National Archives
6.15 Microfilm, enhancements & images
6.16 Shortened citations, essentials
U.S. Censuses
6.17 Background
Population schedules
6.18 Original returns
6.19 1790
6.20 1800
6.21 1810
6.22 1820
6.23 1830
6.24 1840
6.25 1850
6.26 1860
6.27 1870
6.28 1880
6.29 1890
6.30 1900
6.31 1910–1930
6.32 State & local copies
“Nonpopulation” schedules
6.33 Background
6.34 NARA microfilm
6.35 Other filmers
Special population schedules
6.36 1880 Native American
6.37 1890 Union veterans, widows
6.38 1900 Indian population
6.39 1900–Military population
6.40 Native American tribal
Miscellaneous census materials
6.41 1880–1920 Soundex & Miracode
6.42 Enumeration district maps
6.43 Pre-federal censuses
6.44 Religious censuses
6.45 School censuses
6.46 State-sponsored censuses
6.47 Statistical compendiums
6.48 Statistical data and enumeration instructions, online
International Censuses
6.49 Australia
6.50 Canada
6.51 England
6.52 France
6.53 Germany
6.54 Italy
6.55 Puerto Rico
6.56 Spain
6.57 Sweden
6.58 Wales
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Original manuscripts (U.S.)
237 Local copy, federal census
238 National Archives copy
Digital images
239 CD/DVD
240 Online commercial site
241 Online archives (France)
242 Online commercial site (UK, Wales)
Microfilm (U.S.)
243 Native-American tribal census
“Nonpopulation” schedules
244 NARA film
245 FHL-GSU preservation film
246 UNC microfilm publication
Population schedules
247 1790–1840
248 1850–1870
249 1850–1860: slaves
250 1880–1930
251 State-level copies
252 State-sponsored censuses
Derivatives
253 Database, CD/DVD
254 Database, online
255 Soundex & Miracode, microfilm
256 Statistical databas, online
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Chapter 7: Church Records
Chapter 7: Church RecordsContents
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Basic Issues
7.1 Cultural differences & similarities
7.2 Citation elements
7.3 Citing church as “author”
7.4 Citing dates vs.page numbers
7.5 Citing entry vs. page numbers
7.6 Citing folio vs. page numbers
7.7 Identification of church
7.8 Identification of event
7.9 Identification of individuals
7.10 Identification of record dates
7.11 Source list entries, options for
Original Materials (Basic Formats)
7.12 Record books, archived off-site
7.13 Record books, by exact title
7.14 Record books, by series & volume
7.15 Record books, sectioned
7.16 Record books, foreign language titles
7.17 Records created by diocese
Image Copies
7.18 Online images
7.19 Photocopies
7.20 Preservation film
7.21 Duplicate masters
7.22 FHL cataloging
7.23 Published film
Derivatives: Copies & Compilations
7.24 Certificates
7.25 Certified transcriptions
7.26 Church brochures & newsletters
7.27 Church databases
7.28 Church directories & histories
7.29 Published abstracts, transcriptions
7.30 Recopied registers
7.31 Typescripts of registers
LDS Genealogical Compilations
7.32 Ancestral File
7.33 Family Group Records Collection
7.34 International Genealogical Index
7.35 Pedigree Resource File
International Examples
7.36 Special issues
7.37 Canada
7.38 England
7.39 France
7.40 Germany
7.41 Mexico
7.42 Norway
7.43 Scotland
7.44 Spain
7.45 Sweden
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Church Books
311 Named volume, held by church
312 Named volume, archived off-site
313 Numbered volume, archived off-site
Image Copies
314 Digitized online
315 Microfilm, FHL-GSU, preservation
316 Microfilm, LDS records at FHL
317 Microfilm publication
Derivatives
318 Church-issued certificate
319 Church record book, recopied
320 Church-records database, online
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Chapter 8: Local & State Records: Courts & Governance
Chapter 8: Local & State Records: Courts & GovernanceContents
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Basic Issues
8.1 Core elements
8.2 Local records
8.3 State-level records
8.4 Use of image copies
8.5 Use of record copies
8.6 Using other derivatives
Citation Issues
8.7 Citing books vs. files
8.8 Citing books vs. libers
8.9 Citing date or court term
8.10 Citing exact titles
8.11 Citing internal crossreferences
8.12 Citing jurisdictions
8.13 Citing key parties in the record
8.14 Citing nature of the record
8.15 Citing page numbers
8.16 Citing the record office
City & County Records
8.17 Background
Basic formats:
8.18 Bound volumes
8.19 Loose papers (case files)
8.20 Records archived off-site
8.21 Bastardy cases (presentments)
8.22 Bonds
8.23 Coroners’ inquests
8.24 County commissioners’ records
8.25 ivorce & separation cases
8.26 Election certificates & returns
8.27 Indigent records
8.28 Insanity hearings
8.29 Jail records
8.30 Jury lists
8.31 Naturalization records, local
8.32 Orphans’ court records
8.33 Pension affidavits
8.34 Poor-farm records
8.35 Probate court records
8.36 Town records
Colony & State Records
8.37 Archival inventories
8.38 Courts: colony level
8.39 Courts: state appellate cases
8.40 Governors’ papers
8.41 Legislative acts
8.42 Legislative petitions & files
8.43 Pension application files
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Original Records
(Local)
373 Case files
374 Record books
375 Record books, archived off-site
(State-level)
376 Appeals court record books
377 Legislative petitions & files
Image Copies
378 CD/DVD
379 Microfilm: Archival preservation copy
380 Microfilm: FHL-GSU preservation copy
381 Online
Derivatives
382 Databases, online
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Chapter 9: Local & State Records: Licenses, Registrations, Rolls & Vital Records
Chapter 9: Local & State Records: Licenses, Registrations, Rolls & Vital RecordsContents
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Basic Issues
9.1 Background
9.2 Citing key parties in the record
9.3 Citing local vs. state records
Marriage Licenses, Registrations, Etc.
Basic formats
9.4 Bound volumes
9.5 Loose papers (bonds & licenses)
9.6 Online resources
9.7 Records removed to state archives
9.8 Stray marriage records
Military/Pension Rolls & Registrations
(Militia rolls)
9.9 Local
9.10 Local, moved to state archives
9.11 Military rolls: state level
9.12 Pension rolls: local
9.13 Soldiers’ discharge registers: local
(Veteran, widow & orphan rolls)
9.14 Local
9.15 State
Miscellaneous Rolls & Registrations
9.16 Child labor affidavits & licenses
9.17 Free papers, licenses & registrations
9.18 Jury lists
9.19 Licenses, miscellaneous
9.20 Licenses, moved to state archives
9.21 Marks & brands registrations
9.22 Pauper records or rolls
9.23 Voter rolls
Slavery & Servitude Records
9.24 Background
9.25 Indentureships
9.26 Inventories & other lists
9.27 Manumissions (emancipations)
9.28 Mortgages & sales of servants
9.29 Slave passes for travel
Vital Registrations: Births, Deaths, Etc.
9.30 Background
9.31 Certificates vs. registrations
9.32 City certificates & registrations
9.33 County-level certificates
9.34 County-level registrations
9.35 Delayed & amended birth records
9.36 Divorce records
9.37 Negative-search certificates
9.38 Permits: Burial or transportation
9.39 Published vital records
9.40 Short-form certificates
9.41 State-level certificates
9.42 State-level registers
9.43 Town registers: New England
9.44 Tribal registrations
Vital Registrations: International
9.45 Background
9.46 Birth, marriage, and death registrations
9.47 Canada
9.48 England
9.49 France
9.50 Germany
9.51 Germany
9.52 Ireland
9.53 Israel
9.54 Italy
9.55 Mexico
9.56 Scotland
9.57 Switzerland
9.58 Scandinavia
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Local Records
421 File items
422 Files moved to state archives
423 Registers: Named volume
424 Registers: Numbered volume
425 Vital-records certificate
426 Vital-records register
427 Vital records, amended
428 Vital records, delayed
State-level Records
429 Miscellaneous file
430 Vital-records certificate
431 Vital-records register
432 Vital records, amended
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Chapter 10: Local & State Records: Property & Probates
Chapter 10: Local & State Records: Property & ProbatesContents
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Basic Records
10.1 Background
10.2 Citing key parties in the record
10.3 Citing property & probate records
10.4 Using originals vs. record copies
Deeds & Conveyances
Basic formats
10.5 Original registers
10.6 Image copies: FHO microfilm; FamilySearch
10.7 Deed books, miscellanea in
10.8 Delayed recordings
10.9 Documents online, random items
10.10 Lease & release conveyances
10.11 Mortgages or deeds of trust
10.12 Multiple deeds cited together
10.13 Records archived off-site
10.14 State or colony deeds
Land Grants
10.15 Background
(State or colony grants)
10.16 Bound volumes
10.17 Loose records
10.18 CD/DVD & microfilm images
10.19 Online materials
State land office records for U.S. public lands:
10.20 Original records
10.21 Image copies
Miscellaneous Records
10.22 Building permits
10.23 Estray (ranger) books
10.24 Homestead exemption records
10.25 Marks & brands books5
10.26 Mining records
10.27 Notarial books & files
10.28 Plat books
10.29 Tract books, county level
Probates
Basic formats
10.30 Bound volumes
10.31 Loose papers
10.32 Microfilm images
10.33 Online materials
10.34 Bonds
10.35 Orphans’ court records
10.36 Records removed to state archives
10.37 State or colony records
Tax Records
10.38 Basic formats
10.39 Citing a run of tax records
10.40 Quit-rent rolls
10.41 Records removed to state archives
10.42 State or colony tax rolls
International Records
10.43 Basic formats
10.44 Canada: Provincial land records44
10.45 England: Tax rolls, local5
10.46 France: Notarial records
10.47 Ireland: Property, probate records
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Original Records
(Local)
487 Case files
488 Registers
489 Tract book
(State level)
490 Land-grant register
491 Land warrants: loose
Image Copies
492 CD/DVD
493 Microfilm
494 Online
Derivatives
495 Abstracts, online
496 Database, online
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Chapter 11: National Government Records
Chapter 11: National Government RecordsContents
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Basic Records
U.S. RECORDS
11.1 Citing federal records
11.2 Citing NARA style
11.3 Creating short citations
11.4 Identifying the archives
11.5 Identifying the author or creator
Basic Formats
11.6 Audio & video recordings
11.7 Manuscript (textual) materials
11.8 Microfilm records
11.9 NA-regional holdings
11.10 Online databases
11.11 Online images
Immigration, Passenger & Seamen Records
11.12 Background
11.13 Crew records: Lists for ships
11.14 Crew records: Seamen protection certificates
11.15 Passenger manifests: manuscripts & microfilm
11.16 Passenger manifests: Online derivatives
11.17 Passenger manifests: Online images
11.18 Ship images, online
Indian Affairs Records
11.19 Manuscript materials
11.20 Microfilm publications
11.21 Online derivatives
Land Records
11.22 Background
11.23 Land entry files: Manuscripts
11.24 Land entry files: Microfilm
11.25 Land Office records: CD/DVD databases
11.26 Land Office records: Microfilm
11.27 Land Office records: Online materials
11.28 Special files: Bounty land records
11.29 Special files: Private land claims
11.30 Special files: Survey plat maps
11.31 Special files: Tract books
Military & Pension Records
11.32 Compiled service records
11.33 Draft registrations
11.34 Employees, civilian
11.35 Enlistment papers
11.36 Headstone & burial records
11.37 Imprisonments
11.38 Muster rolls
11.39 Navy & other branches
11.40 Pension files
Miscellaneous U.S. Records
11.41 Captured Confederate records
11.42 Civil War claims: international
11.43 Civil War claims: Southern
11.44 Congressional records
11.45 Court of Claims case files
11.46 Court records, circuit & district
11.47 Freedmen’s Bureau records
11.48 Maps
11.49 Naturalization records
11.50 Passport records
11.51 Patent & trademark records
11.52 Photographic files
11.53 Railroad Retirement Board files
11.54 Slave narratives
11.55 Social Security records
11.56 Tax records
11.57 WPA records
INTERNATIONAL RECORDS
11.58 Australia
11.59 Canada
11.60 England
11.61 France
11.62 Germany
11.63 Ireland: Griffith’s valuations
11.64 Ireland: Land registrations
11.65 Ireland: Tithe applotment survey
11.66 Ireland: Wills & administrations
11.67 Mexico
11.68 Scotland
11.69 Spain
11.70 Wales
11.71 Worldwide: patent databases
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Original Materials (U.S.)
539 Audio recordings: National Archives
Manuscripts
540 Library of Congress
541 National Archives
542 National Archives–Regional
543 Maps: National Archives
544 Photographs: Library of Congress
545 Railroad Retirement Board (NA records offsite)
546 Social Security Administration
Databases
547 CD-ROM publications
548 Online: National Archives (Australia)
549 Online: National Archives (Canada)
550 Online: National Archives (U.K.)
551 Online: National Archives (U.S.)
Image Copies
National Archives microfilm
552 NARA Style citation
553 Publications Style citation
554 Online: Library of Congress
555 Online: National Archives (U.S.)
556 Online: Patent & Trademark Office (U.S.)
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Chapter 12: Publications: Books, CDs, Maps, Leaflets & Videos
Chapter 12: Publications: Books, CDs, Maps, Leaflets & VideosContents
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Basic Records Basic Issues
12.1 Abbreviations in book citations
12.2 Basic citation forms
12.3 Basic format: books & other
12.4 Ibid. references
Citation Parts
12.5 Author, defined
12.6 Author’s role
12.7 Abstractor or transcriber
12.8 Compiler or author
12.9 Translator or transcriber
12.10 Authors, multiple
12.11 Authors, unidentified
12.12 Authors, unknown
12.13 Pages: Citing pages vs. entries
12.14 Pages: Page numbers, missing
12.15 Publication Details, missing
12.16 Publication places, multiple
12.17 Publishers, identification of
12.18 Publishers, multiple
12.19 Publishers, name changes
12.20 Self-published works
12.21 Titles: Citing full vs. shortened
12.22 Titles: Correcting & clarifying
12.23 Titles: Inconsistencies within
12.24 Titles: Italics vs. quotation marks
12.25 Titles: Multiple by same author
12.26 Titles: Punctuation & capitalization
12.27 Titles: Translated
12.28 Titles: Titles within a title
Special Publication Types
Anthologies
12.29 Anthology vs.new edition
12.30 Dual credit needed
12.31 Citing author vs. editor, etc.
12.32 Complex punctuation for
Atlases
12.33 Print editions
12.34 Reprints online
Bibles & sacred texts
12.35 Bible passages, quoted
12.36 Bible versions, identified
12.37 Bibles, family heirlooms
12.38 Other sacred texts
Book chapters, forewords, etc.
12.39 Chapters, when to cite
12.40 Foreword by guest writers
12.41 Preface by book’s author
Broadsides, folders & leaflets
12.42 Authors, identification of
12.43 Broadsides: originals, reprints
12.44 Missing data
12.45 Publication number
Conference & institute papers
12.46 Basic differences
12.47 Consolidated (syllabi)
12.48 Individually distributed
Dictionaries & encyclopedias
12.49 Basic issues
12.50 Biographical works
12.51 Dictionary, standard
12.52 Dictionary, specialized
12.53 Encyclopedia, standard
12.54 Encyclopedia, specialized
Directories
12.55 Basic format
12.56 Citing multiple years
12.57 Page numbers missing
12.58 Titles, clarified
12.59 Titles, overlong
E-books
12.60 Basic issue
12.61 E-books: Audio
12.62 E-print books
Edited works
12.63 Basic format
12.64 Citing chapter authors
12.65 Citing editor as author
12.66 Citing editor as well as author
Maps
12.67 Historic maps
12.68 Topographic maps
Multivolume works
12.69 Basic format
12.70 Date ranges
12.71 Different subtitles
12.72 Ongoing volumes
12.73 Single volume split
12.74 Successive authors or editors
Reprints & revisions
12.75 Basic format
12.76 Citing dates
12.77 Facsimile (image) reproductions
12.78 Reprints: Basic issues
12.79 Reprints: Image editions
12.80 Reprints: Multivolumes bound as one
12.81 Reprints: New editions
12.82 Revised editions
12.83 Revisions, posthumous
Series & occasional works
12.84 Basic issues
12.85 “Archives” of various states
12.86 “Occasional” publications
12.87 With multiple authors
12.88 With named parts
12.89 With titles cited as a courtesy
Videos & audio presentations
12.90 Documentaries, etc.
12.91 Lectures
12.92 Vital records, published
QuickCheck Models
Click on hotlinks for sample templates.
Print publications
646 Book: basic format
647 Book: chapter
648 Book: edited
649 Book: multivolume set
650 Book: reprint
651 Book: revised edition
652 Leaflet
653 Map
Electronic publications
654 Audio book
655 CD/DVD book (text)
656 Video
657 Website as “book”
Image copies
658 CD/DVD publication
659 Microfilm, FHL-GSU, preservation
660 Microfilm publication
661 Online publication (Google books)
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Chapter 13: Publications: Legal Works & Government Documents
Chapter 13: Publications: Legal Works & Government DocumentsContents
QuickCheck Models
Contents
Click on hotlinks for sample text pages.
Sample of chapter finding aids
Basic Issues
13.1 Background
Citation style options
13.2 Legal style & academic style
13.3 Layman’s style
Legal Reference Works
Background
13.4 Case law vs. statutory law
13.5 Reporters & digests
13.6 Statutory law
13.7 Titles of laws
Codes, Statutes & Slip Laws
(Codes)
13.8 Federal codes
13.9 Municipal codes
13.10 State codes
(Session laws, legislative acts, statutes)
13.11 Session laws vs. codes
13.12 Session laws: federal
13.13 Session laws: state
13.14 Statutes: international & regnal
(Slip laws)
13.15 Slip laws vs. session laws
13.16 Slip laws: federal
13.17 Slip laws: state
Digests & reporters
13.18 Federal case reporters
13.19 Federal digests
13.20 State-level case reporters
13.21 State-level digests
13.22 Sundry other reference works
Printed Government Documents
Basic issues
13.23 Definition
13.24 Departments ... as “author”
13.25 International publications
U.S. Serial Set
13.26 Background
13.27 1789–1838
13.28 1817 to present
13.29 Serial Set Index
(American State Papers)
13.30 Authorized editions
13.31 Duff Greene edition
13.32 Gales & Seaton edition
13.33 Gales, reprint edition
13.34 New American State Papers
(Congressional documents)
13.35 Annals of Congress
13.36 Annals, identifying the year
13.37 Annals, identifying speakers
13.38 House & Senate documents
13.39 House & Senate journals
13.40 Other Serial Set models
(Departmental & agency reports)
13.41 Executive Branch reports
National Archives (U.S.) finding aids
13.42 Background
13.43 Catalogs & guides
13.44 Descriptive pamphlets
13.45 General information leaflets
13.46 Inventories
13.47 Nonpublic manuscripts
13.48 Reference information papers & special lists
Work Projects Administration
13.49 Multiple formats
13.50 Original editions
13.51 Reprints & revisions
Other Governmental Publications
13.52 State-level publications
13.53 International publications
QuickCheck Models
Click on hotlinks for sample templates.
727 Book: Basic Format
Legal Reference Works
(Case reporters)
728 Series named for editor
729 Standardized series
(Codes & statutes, online)
730 State database
731 U.S. Code
732 Slip laws: federal
733 Statutes: federal
734 Statutes: state
Printed Government Documents
(Congressional records)
735 Citing volume from title page
736 Traditional academic style
737 Online images
National Archives (U.S.) guides
738 Descriptive pamphlet, online
739 Preliminary inventory, microfilmed
- 3668 views
Chapter 14: Publications: Periodicals, Broadcasts & Web Miscellanea
Chapter 14: Publications: Periodicals, Broadcasts & Web MiscellaneaContents
QuickCheck Models
Contents
Click on hotlinks for sample text pages.
Basic Records
14.1 Distinctions between types
Citation Parts
14.2 Article title vs. periodical title
14.3 Author: anyonymous
14.4 Author: pseudonymous
14.5 Author’s credentials, degrees, and honorifics
14.6 Creator’s role
14.7 Dates, styles for
14.8 Dates vs. volume & issue numbers
14.9 Dates vs. volume: variances by type
14.10 Edition, page, column references
14.11 Place of publication
14.12 Publisher
14.13 Punctuation
14.14 Titles, shortened
14.15 Volume & issue numbers
SPECIFIC EXAMPLES
Periodicals
14.16 Basic format: journal articles
14.17 Journal articles: serialized
14.18 Journal reviews
14.19 Journal review essays
14.20 Magazine articles
14.21 Newsletter articles
14.22 Newspaper articles
Radio & television broadcasts
14.23 Broadcast transcripts
14.24 Sound clips
Web-based miscellanea
14.25 Blogs
14.26 Chats, archived transcripts
14.27 Discussion forums & lists
14.28 E-journals & e-magazines
14.29 E-newsletters
14.30 Podcasts
QuickCheck Models
Click on hotlinks for sample templates.
Periodicals
(Journal articles)
779 Print editions
780 Online archives of print journals
781 Online journals
(Magazine articles)
782 Print editions
783 Online reprints, random items
(Newsletter articles)
784 Print editions
(Newspaper articles)
785 Print editions
786 Online archives
Broadcasts & Web Miscellanea
787 Blogs
788 Discussion forums & lists
789 Podcasts
790 Radio & television clips
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Sample QuickCheck Models
Sample QuickCheck ModelsClick the highlighted text to view the document
94 Digital Archives, Online
104 Preservation Film (manuscript material)
165 Corporate Records: Online database
211 Cemetery Office Records: Online images
213 Grave markers: Rural
243 Censuses: Native-American tribal
248 Censuses: U.S. Population schedule, 1850–1870
254 Census database, Online
311 Church Books: Named volume, held by church
318 Church-issued certificate
373 Court records, Local case files
374 Court records, Local record books
376 Court records, State Level: Appeals Court
381 Court records, Online images
427 Vital records: Local certificate, amended
430 Vital records: State-level certificate
489 Land records: Local tract book
496 Land records: State-level tract books, database, online
539 NARA: Audio recordings
551 NARA: Databases online (ARC)
658 Books: Image copies, CD/DVD publication
660 Books: Microfilm editions
730 Legal Codes & statutes: Online State database
737 Published GovDocs: Online images
781 Journal articles: Online journals
789 Podcasts
- 128664 views
Sample Text Pages
Sample Text PagesClick on the hotlinks to view the sample text pages.
13.0 Samples of chapter-level finding aids
List of QuickCheck Models
List of Guidelines & Examples
Chapter 1:
Fundamentals of Evidence Analysis
Basic Issues
1.1 Analysis & mindset
1.2 Completeness of research
1.3 Conclusions: hypothesis, theory & proof
Chapter 2:
Fundamentals of Citation
2.10 Symbols & terms
Common Practices for Citing
2.11 Derivatives & imaged sources
2.12 Indexes & finding aids
2.21 Source of a source
Online Materials
2.33 Core elements to cite
2.34 Databases vs. images vs. essays
2.35 Multiple offerings at one site
Organization
2.38 Reference notes vs. source lists
Reference notes
2.39 Choices of style
Source list arrangements
2.48 By author-title
2.49 By collection
2.50 By geographic locale
Chapter 3:
Archives & Artifacts
Basic Issues
3.1 Archival arrangements
Archived Materials: By Type
3.17 Filmed or fiched manuscripts
3.18 Commercial publications
Privately Held Materials
3.32 Interview tapes & transcripts
Chapter 4:
Business & Institutional Records
Basic Issues
4.1 Private records
4.2 Published records
4.3 Records cataloged as files vs. individual items
4.4 Records cataloged by U.S. vs. international systems
Chapter 6:
Census Records
Citing
6.7 Line numbers
6.8 Page, folio, or sheet numbers
U.S. Censuses: Population schedules
6.31 Federal 1910–1930
6.32 State & local copies
Chapter 7:
Church Records
Original Materials (Basic Formats)
7.12 Record books, archived off-site
7.13 Record books, by exact title
7.16 Record books, foreign language
Derivatives: Copies & Compilations
7.24 Certificates
Chapter 8:
Local & State Records: Courts & Governance
Basic Issues
8.1 Core elements
City & County Records
8.17 Background
Basic formats:
8.18 Bound volumes
8.19 Loose papers (case files)
Colony & State Records
8.38 Courts: colony level
8.39 Courts: state appellate cases
Chapter 9:
Local & State Records:
Licenses, Registrations, Rolls & Vital Records
Slavery & Servitude Records
9.28 Mortgages & sales of servants
9.29 Slave passes for travel
Vital Registrations: Births, Deaths, Etc.
9.30 Background
Chapter 10:
Local & State Records: Property & Probates
Basic Records
10.4 Using originals vs. record copies
Deeds & Conveyances
Basic formats
10.5 Original registers
Miscellaneous Records
10.27 Notarial books & files
Tax Records
10.40 Quit-rent rolls
10.41 Records removed to state archives
10.42 State or colony tax rolls
Chapter 11:
National Government Records
Basic Records
U.S. RECORDS
11.1 Citing federal records
Chapter 12:
Publications: Books, CDs, Maps, Leaflets & Videos
Multivolume works
12.71 Different subtitles
12.72 Ongoing volumes
12.73 Single volume split
Series & occasional works
12.85 “Archives” of various states
12.86 “Occasional” publications
Chapter 13:
Publications: Legal Works & Government Documents
Legal Reference Works
Background
13.4 Case law vs. statutory law
13.5 Reporters & digests
13.6 Statutory law
13.7 Titles of laws
(Session laws, legislative acts, statutes)
13.13 Session laws: state
13.14 Statutes: international & regnal
(Slip laws)
13.15 Slip laws vs. session laws
13.16 Slip laws: federal
National Archives (U.S.) finding aids
13.47 Nonpublic manuscripts
13.48 Reference information papers & special lists
Chapter 14:
Publications: Periodicals, Broadcasts & Web Miscellanea
Citation Parts
14.8 Dates vs. volume & issue numbers
14.9 Dates vs. volume: variances by type
14.10 Edition, page, column references
14.11 Place of publication
Radio & television broadcasts
14.24 Sound clips
Web-based miscellanea
14.25 Blogs
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